The Contemporary Relevance of Albert Camus Essay -- Albert Camus Essay

The Contemporary Relevance of Albert Camus ABSTRACT: After 350 years of continual social transformations under the push of industrialization, capitalism, world-wide social revolutions, and the development of modern science, what reasonably remains of the traditional faith in divine transcendence and providential design except a deep-felt, almost 'ontological' yearning for transcendence? Torn between outmoded religious traditions and an ascendant secular world, the contemporary celebration of individuality only makes more poignant the need for precisely that religious consolation that public life increasingly denies. People must now confront the meaning of their lives without the assured aid of transcendent purpose and direction. The resulting sense of absence profoundly marks the contemporary world. Confronted with the theoretical problems posed by the absence of absolute values, and the historical problems posed by contemporary social movements, Camus dramatized the urgency of developing guides to humane conduct in a world w ithout transcendence. He continued to believe that only when the dignity of the worker and the respect for intelligence are accorded their rightful place can human existence hope to realize its highest ideals, and our life find the collective meaning and purpose that alone can truly sustain us in the face of an infinite and indifferent universe. Celebrating individuality, our age invites us to express our feelings and realize our goals. It promotes happiness, while seeking to accommodate traditional moral values. But the focus on personal existence only makes the realization of death's inevitability more threatening. Torn between an outmoded religious tradition and a secular world on the ascendency, o... ...was no longer to be a matter of status and deference, but of function and quality of performance. And decisions were to be made by the involved collective, respecting the dignity and legitimate interests of all participants. While not despising the arts of "high culture" — though always quite uncomfortable with their mores — the renaissance always meant for Camus the qualitative transformation of daily life, the creation of dialogic communities at work and at home that gave voice and sustenance to the struggles for dignity of ordinary people. He continued to believe that only when the dignity of the worker and the respect for intelligence are accorded their rightful place can human existence hope to realize its highest ideals, and our life find the collective meaning and purpose that alone can truly sustain us in the face of an infinite and indifferent universe.

What are the scope, breath and units of ethics according to the following theorist: Plato’s Euthypro and Republic

Plato. Scope: The freedom of choice of a man is very dangerous and harmful phenomenon. The man can not choose what is holy and unholy and so the only thing directing the person in life if fear. The fear of the gods would have saved you from the danger of acting wrongly, and you’d have been cursed in front of human beings. Breath: since the essence of every phenomenon, including life of breathing creatures is to fulfill a certain function. In these measures men should fulfill their function – to live proper life for the good of the city-state. But life is not a function of a soul, but its proper quality. Units of ethic: just man is not wise or good, and just man is not supposed to live a long and happy life, while unjust miserable and unhappy? The difference between two is that the man who practices justice does so unwillingly, since he lacks the power to violate it. And in life in general he will walk the only possible road he knows – the just one, while the unjust man will yearn for more, and it doesn’t matter for what exactly, since he has options. Republic. Scope: the freedom of choice or deliberate decision is a punishment for human beings given by gods. And free choice depends on the essence of our soul. Breath: Can evasion or violence be succeeded with the gods? Well, if they don’t exist or don’t involve themselves with human affairs then what’s the point to consider their observation in our deeds? But if they exist, we shall pay a just penalty for our crimes in the place called Hades. The choice is of men or of his destiny†¦ Units of ethic: two people just and unjust given the same opportunities would act the same – temptation would be too strong. And this is the evidence that none are just willingly, but only by compulsion. And they act the very way because everyone thinks that in personal case injustice is much more profitable than justice. If anyone having this licence to refuse to do any injustice, or to posses the property of others, all who were aware of it would consider him a most contradictive and irrational creature, though they would praise him before each other faces, deluding one another through their fear of injustice influence. Euthyphro. Scope: everyone has the choice, and the only difference of a choice is what we should pay for the results of it. Whoever has unjustly killed another should be punished by all means. Breath: Holy is all gods love and people are meant to worship them and follow their will. What is holy and just have to do with the gods, and the rest (unlawful and pious) of it has to do with ministering of human beings. Units of ethic: we shouldn’t get nervous about people laughing at our predictions, the public recognition is of a soon. One must not tolerate a profane man, no matter who he may seem to be (even if it’s your own father).

Comparing the Poem “Richard Corey” with Money and Happiness

Do money and happiness go together? In the poem â€Å"Richard Corey ,â€Å" the author wants the reader to think or accept the generalization that money does not bring you happiness. There are different people in the public eye who would make you think, no, money does not make you happy. Then there are people in the public eyes that you would think, yes, money can make a person happy. But, does money really make you happy? Well, personally I have never been rich. I was poor and now I have enough money to save and pay bills so that I am not living pay check to pay check. There are famous people who are wealthy. They have drug problems, alcohol issues, and behavioral issues with the law. They are not happy. When you have a drug or an alcohol problem then you are running from deep-rooted issues. Look at Charlie Sheen, Whitney Houston, Elvis Presley, Kat Williams and many others. These people have either died from overdoses or have been in trouble with the law from either alcohol or drug related problems. I don’t think all the money in the world would have made or make them happy. If anything, money was a short term solution to their problems. Would they act the same if they were poor? There are people like Oprah Winfry, Beyonce Knowles, Jay-z, Michele Obama, and many more that you would think that money made these people happy. They all go on trips, have nice houses, and they are not in the spotlight of the media for any drug, alcohol, or negative publicity. They are always smiling and they are family and friend oriented. So is it the money that makes them happy? I feel we will never know. I am far from having a lot of money. My husband and I live comfortably with the money we make. We work together to bring in the money to support our kids. My husband works really hard at his job. Are we happy? Yes, we are very happy. It’s not because of the money though. We make each other happy. We are surrounded by our family and friends. It’s the love we have for our kids, family, and each other that makes us happy. It was not always like that for me though. With my ex-husband, we were living pay check to pay check. We always were broke and needed help from family all the time. My ex-husband did not want to work and put all the stress to take care of everything on me. Was I happy? No, hence the reason he is my ex-husband. It was not because of the money though. It was because my ex-husband was like black smoke that smothered me and stressed me out so much. In conclusion, I don’t think money can make a person happy for the long haul. I feel that kind of happiness is for that moment. Materialistic things are only there for that moment. All I know is money is not the reason for my happiness. We all have our own reasons for our own happiness. What is yours?

God Clockmaker Vs Chess Player Religion Essay Essays

God Clockmaker Vs Chess Player Religion Essay Essays God Clockmaker Vs Chess Player Religion Essay Paper God Clockmaker Vs Chess Player Religion Essay Paper With the Reformation in the sixteenth century, a new faith emerged. Protestantism, a faith based more on the reading and personal reading of the Bible, attracted many followings. Naturally, every person s reading was non the same. Sects formed within the Protestant faith, one of which was the Puritans. The Puritan religion revolved around the position of God as a vengeful, unforgiving cheat participant who controlled every facet of his followings lives. These more extremist Protestants besides viewed human nature as of course iniquitous and evil. Many of the Puritans were unhappy with the manner the Church of England was learning the Christian religion, and moved to the New World to put up churches and spread out Puritanism. As more and more of the population began to read the Bible and construe it in different ways, a more scientific and sensible religion surfaced. Termed Deism, the new faith attracted some of the greatest heads of the English settlements, most notably Benjamin Franklin. Franklin viewed God as more of an all-knowing clocksmith and human nature as inherently good. These positions differed greatly from those of the Puritans. While the Puritan beliefs towards God and human nature required a more pious attack to life, the Deist rules of Franklin called for a more hands-off, self dependent manner of life. : The Puritan God s intercession was non limited to those who had evidently sinned though. Mary Rowlandson, a devout Puritan, was kidnapped when Indians raided her small town of Lancaster. She watched as most of her household and townsfolk were slaughtered, and so taken prisoner for an drawn-out period of clip. During her parturiency, she saw some of her household being traded or yielding to the changeless menace of decease. Rowlandson viewed the full episode as a Job-like spiritual test, and afterwards felt that she genuinely knew what sorrow and affliction was ( 8 ) . Rowlandson ended the history of her narrative by saying that she learned to look beyond present and smaller problems, and to be quited under themaˆÂ ¦stand still and see the redemption of the Lord ( 8 ) . Her experience brought her closer to God and made her more aware of his changeless presence. Puritans and Deists were genuinely similar in merely a individual manner: both believed in the being of a Supreme Being. Benjamin Franklin begins his booklet with There is said to be a First mover, who is called GOD, Maker of the Universe ( Franklin 6 ) . Not merely does Franklin admit to the obvious being of a Higher Being, he implies that this Maker of the Universe is more of an perceiver of life, when he calls God the first mover. Where the two beliefs differed was in the function of this divinity. Unlike the Puritans, Deists like Benjamin Franklin believed that God took a more removed attack to regulating His Creation. Although Franklin s parents raised him as a rigorous Genevan, he began to oppugn his religion every bit early as 15. Franklin states that after doubting by bends of several points, as I found them disputed in the different books I read, I began to doubt of Revelation itself ( Franklin 5 ) . Franklin came to see the Bible as no less than a book of fabrication s, and questioned whether Jesus was genuinely a divinity. This belief was true for all Deists. To those who practiced this religion, God was non a Christian cheat participant, who controlled the actions of all, but more of a clocksmith, who created adult male, so took a measure back into a more experimental function. The positions of the Puritans and Deists differ on more than merely the function of a higher being. Their several beliefs about the position of human nature were complete antonyms. Puritans, through reading of the narrative of Adam and Eve in the book of Genesis, believe that worlds are born of course iniquitous. In a 1645 reference to Massachusetts legislative assembly, Governor John Winthrop states that our [ People s ] nature is now corrupt ( because all people are evildoers ( Winthrop 1 ) . Winthrop was discoursing natural autonomies, which he described as the freedom to make whatever one wants. He goes on to state that when given free reign to exert this autonomy, work forces turn more evil and in clip to be worse than beast animals ( Winthrop 1 ) . This public reference exemplifies the Puritan take on human nature. All people are evildoers and when left to make what they want, will perpetrate beastly acts. To forestall this, the settlers needed an elective authorities under the authorization of Christ. As New England Minister Thomas Shepard stated, good workss can non acquire anyone into heavenaˆÂ ¦human Black Marias are disgusting sinks of all godlessness, buggery, blasphemy, slaying, prostitution, criminal conversation, enchantress trade [ and ] sodomy ( Wigglesworth 4 ) . He subsequently says, [ people s ] best responsibilities are tainted, poisoned, and mingled with some wickedness and hence are most abominable in the eyes of a holy God ( Wigglesworth 4 ) . Shepard s statements once more represent the Puritan belief of corrupt, built-in human nature. He is connoting that no affair how good one s actions are, they are stained by the crud of original wickedness. He besides hints at the thought of predestination, connoting that if one who has non been granted redemption efforts to derive it through good workss, he or she is dissing the Lord through their actions. The Deist position of human nature is the complete antonym. While the Puritans argued that God was holy and vindictive, Franklin stated that the expostulation that God permits evil actions to be done, for Wise terminals and intents destroys itself. He argues that whatever an boundlessly good God [ creates ] must be good, is thereby made good, and can non be otherwise ( Franklin 6-7 ) . In other words, because God is an all-good being, his Creation can be nil less than this ; human nature is inherently good. This belief wholly contradicts that of the Puritans. Of class, this does non intend that Franklin did non acknowledge that worlds are capable of morally evil workss. In order to battle any human desire to perpetrate bad workss, Franklin set up a list of 13 virtuousnesss to help him in his quest to make moral flawlessness ( Franklin 12 ) . He boldly declares that he wished to populate without perpetrating any mistake at any clip ; I would suppress all that either natural disposition, usage, or company might take me into ( Franklin 12 ) . Franklin recognizes that there are built-in human desires to perpetrate morally incorrect workss and sets up a program to control said desires. His principles were placed in an order for him to make them and included moderation, silence, order, declaration, frugalness, industry, earnestness, justness, moderateness, cleanliness, repose, celibacy and humbleness. The simple fact that Franklin was on a pursuit for moral flawlessness illustrates his Enlightened, Deist believing. Franklin sought to go the best that he could be through a set of criterions that he had created himself. This self dependent manner of t hought was rather contrary to that of Puritans at that clip. Puritans did non believe in the simple construct of moral flawlessness and if they did, it surely could non be achieved without monolithic aid from Christ. Alternatively, Puritans were much more dependent on the word of God to help them in life and assist do of import determinations. This is apparent in both the narratives of Mary Rowlandson and John Dane. In Dane s autobiography, he recalls picking up a Bible and turning to a random poetry to assist him make up ones mind whether or non he should travel to America. The first 1 he finds reads Come out from among them, touch no dirty thing, and I will be your God and you shall be my people ( Dane 6 ) . Dane interprets the optimistic tone of the transition to be a clear mark from God stating him to travel to New England. Dane s Puritan parents rapidly agree and help him travel. Like Dane, Rowlandson used a Bible poetry to help her in her battle as an Indian prisoner. When all seemed lost, she read Psalm 94:18, which read when my pe s slipped, thy clemency, O Lord, held me up ( Rowlandson 7 ) . After happening new hope in the Psalm, Rowlandson finds out that she is shortly to be released. Her religion in God gave her the aid and inspiration needed to maintain traveling. The Puritan religion and the Deist religion were merely genuinely similar in one manner: the belief in a Higher Power. The two faiths differed in every other manner, including the good or immorality of human nature, and most significantly, the function of God in mundane life. To Deists like Franklin, God was merely the first mover, a clocksmith, who created adult male, so took a measure back. To Puritans like Rowlandson, Dane, Winthrop and Wigglesworth, God was involved in every facet of human life, and interfered when He felt fit. To them, God was an almighty cheat participant.

Interest Groups that Support Capital Punishment essays

Interest Groups that Support Capital Punishment essays Interest groups dealing with Capital Punishment Interest groups lobbying hard in Congress play an important role in determining how our society views the term capital punishment. Most people come to know the term capital punishment as the death penalty. Here is a little background information on what the underlying principle is behind this type of execution for criminals. It first got established in 18th century BC down in Babylonia. This tribe had punished those by death from about 25 different crimes. The death sentences were enforced upon by drowning, crucifixion, stoning or by burning the offender alive. By the turn of the 16th century, some of the more common methods of execution ranged from boiling, stake burning, hanging and beheading. Times have changed though and much of society has turned against this form of cruel punishment. There are human rights group fighting day in and day out to abolish this principle. The more common methods presently are by lethal injection, gas chamber and electrocution. The issue surround capital punishment will be mainly focused here in the United States. Not all states agree in using capital punishment. Hawaii, Alaska, Minnesota and Michigan are some states that refuse to incorporate the death penalty in their legislature. It seems like many more interest groups are against the death penalty rather than for it. There is an internet site which showed a few of the groups who were anti-death penalty. (www.deathpenaltyinfo.com) Amnesty International was established in 1961 by an English lawyer. Peter Benenson initially opposed capital punishment for reason that a person should never be tortured or executed because of their extreme religious or outside opinions against the government. By 1971, they took a stance whereas opposing any type of sentence towards death. In 1989, they organized a worldwide campaign to stop this cruel and unusual punishment and teamed up ...

Choose the Best Time to Study for Finals

Choose the Best Time to Study for Finals With finals coming up in just a couple weeks, a lot of students start planning their studying schedules. However, theres an important factor to take into consideration when making a plan: when do you study best? Youve heard of â€Å"morning† and â€Å"night† people, right? Some people simply function better in the morning than at night while others struggle to get out of bed in the morning but have no problem burning the midnight oil. Each individual has times during the day when their brain is more alert and theyre able to assimilate and process information as well as create and produce. Trying to push through during the other hours can not only be unproductive, it can also be counter-productive. Thats because the study session wont have been successful, leading to burn-out and discouragement. Finding out the best time to study can help you make the most of your limited time during finals season. Why It Matters During Finals During finals period, this concept is particularly relevant. By identifying when youre most alert, you can plan a study schedule that allows you to maximize your productivity. You can choose to rest or do other activities during your less productive hours to make sure you can make the most out of your â€Å"on† time. How To Identify Your Most Productive Time Most people have an instinct for when theyre most productive. If you tend to be bright and ready for the day in the morning but hit a slump after lunch, and tend to knock off early, falling asleep while reading at 9p.m., you can assume that mornings are your best time. If mornings are tough for you and you generally need a landslide of caffeine to get you moving, slowly working your way up to speed as the day wears on and peaking at night after dinner, then your nights will be your most productive times. Some people have slow mornings and early nights but tend to burst with energy in the afternoons. In that case, your most productive time will be during the afternoon. Of course, the best way to be sure is to test this theory out. Choose to study in the morning, afternoon and night and see which one works best for you. If you have the chance to give this a test drive before the finals season hits, it could really help you make the most out of your study time. How Can You Maximize Your Productive Hours? Once you discover your best working time, you should find ways to guard that precious time. Eliminate or at least limit your distractions as much as possible. A quiet, isolated place to study would be ideal so you dont run the risk of friends or family members interrupting you. Turning off phones or putting them on silent or vibrate is also a helpful way to keep distractions to a minimum. Dont tempt yourself with social media during these hours, either. Leave that for another time. Create a Pattern If you can create and stick to a schedule, it will be even more beneficial to your productivity. Adhering to a specific plan every day helps trigger the brain into â€Å"work mode† when its time for serious studying and can enhance your productivity even more. The more consistent you are, the better your work sessions will be. Dont just be consistent with your work, though. Being consistent with the things you do outside of your studying hours is also important. Exercise, eating, and sleeping routines also help keep the brain and body in top running condition. Many successful writers keep consistent schedules. Acclaimed author Haruki Murakami keeps a rigorous schedule of waking at 4am, writing for five or six hours, running or swimming or both and then reading and listening to music. Bed-time is 9:00pm. He describes this process of bringing himself into a kind of a trance with a repetitive pattern that he can rely on every day. Whichever time of day is best for your studies, make sure to get the most out of it by limiting distractions and making the most of your â€Å"off† time as well.

Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Management - Essay Example Therefore the relationship between product-mix flexibility and capacity utilization is that the two factors are directly related. A higher degree of product-mix flexibility leads to a higher degree of capacity utilization. Because the company is able to vary output according to demand, idle capacity is minimized. As a result capacity utilization is maximized. By implementing the strategy of product-mix flexibility, the company is able to manufacturing a range of different products by using the same equipment. As a result the management is able to recoup the maximum return from the investment made in the equipment. In this manner the utilization rate of the production line is maximized. Thus product-mix flexibility is directly related to capacity utilization. Higher levels of product-mix flexibility reduce the production lines’ sensitivity to demand fluctuations. By implementing a flexible manufacturing system (FMS), the production line is able to maintain a mix of products tha t is able to adapt to any changes in the demand structure. In order to implement the strategy of product mix flexibility, the management has to introduce the technology of the flexible manufacturing system. The FMS facilitates the building of a production line that can produce a range of different products with minimal changes required in the same. ... This was the innovation introduced by Fiat’s management. By implementing the Robogate technology, Fiat aimed to create a flexible production system which would be able to achieve product-mix flexibility according to market demand. The technology was developed in-house. It was deployed in the spot-welding shop and was so named because the nine welding stations were called gates. The deployment of Robogate signaled Fiat’s quest for increasing production flexibility. The production limit for Robogate technology deployed at Rivalta and Cassino was set at 1400 cars per day. However it could vary the output levels between different models, Uno and Ritmo at Rivalta, Regata and Ritmo at Cassino. By allowing production managers to process a range of cars in a random sequence, the Robogate technology aimed to incorporate market-driven fluctuations into capacity utilization. However whether this innovation enabled the company to maximize capacity utilization is questioned by the a uthor in this article. The technology was certainly able to minimize the cycle-time of finishing but capacity utilization still fluctuated as before in the traditional system. The problem with implementing the technology was that the production philosophy was still defined according to the traditional system of cycle-time minimization rather than flexibility maximization. As a result, the Robogate technology failed to increase the rate of capacity utilization. But aside from that question, the superiority of the Robogate technology over other techniques was overwhelming. The Robogate itself was flexible. However because the platform and body welding lines upstream were still